Krwawnik (karniol, karneol)

carnelian; a type of chalcedony containing iron, an opaque gemstone with a red or dark orange hue. Since ancient times, it has been used in jewellery and as protection from evil. The term is sometimes used for heliotrope or hematite, a semi-precious stone, iron oxide known as bloodstone. Its name and properties are associated with the red colour the mineral gets when powdered. The stone was believed to “weep blood” when worked.

See also: B. Popiołek, Z poczucia piękna, z potrzeby posiadania. Kobiecy świat rzeczy w osiemnastowiecznej Rzeczypospolitej, Warsaw 2024.